An example of this is giving a child a treat when he or she is polite to a stranger. Positive PunishmentĪlthough both methods include the word “positive,” we know that this does not mean they are “good.”Īs noted above, positive reinforcement refers to introducing a desirable stimulus (i.e., a reward) to encourage the behavior that is desired. Negative punishment (also called extinction): a desirable stimulus is removed to discourage the behavior.Įach of these four methods of conditioning can be implemented to teach, train, and manage behavior.Negative reinforcement: an undesirable stimulus is removed to encourage the behavior.Positive punishment: an undesirable stimulus is introduced to discourage the behavior.Positive reinforcement: a desirable stimulus is introduced to encourage certain behavior.The model defined by Skinner goes further, outlining four methods of conditioning: This theory grew from Thorndike’s “law of effect” which stated that a behavior that is followed by pleasant or desirable consequences is likely to be repeated, while behavior that is followed by undesirable consequences is less likely to be repeated (McLeod, 2018). Skinner’s model of operant conditioning is based on the assumption that studying a behavior’s cause and its consequences is the best way to understand and regulate it. A Brief Look at B.F Skinner and His Operant Conditioning Model In fact, positive reinforcement is only one of the four types of conditioning according to famed behaviorist B. Punishment has always been a popular method for teaching-whether it was for training children, pets, or adults. The Psychology of Positive Reinforcement TheoryĪlthough it sounds like a simple idea, it was not always the “go-to” method for teaching. It’s a positive parenting method used for a variety of purposes and in a wide range of contexts, as it capitalizes on the good behaviors that are already being displayed, rewarding the natural tendencies towards good behavior in the individual you are working to train. The desirable stimulus reinforces the behavior, making it more likely that the behavior will reoccur. Positive reinforcement refers to the introduction of a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior. What is the Meaning of Positive Reinforcement?
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